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The MPU6050 is a widely used 6-axis motion-tracking device from Invensense, which combines a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer in a single package. This sensor is popular for applications in motion tracking, gesture detection, and orientation sensing due to its integration and functionality.

Key Features:

1. Sensors Included:

   • 3-Axis Gyroscope: Measures rotational velocity around the X, Y, and Z axes.
   • 3-Axis Accelerometer: Measures acceleration along the X, Y, and Z axes.

2. Measurement Range:

   • Gyroscope:
     • ±250°/s
     • ±500°/s
     • ±1000°/s
     • ±2000°/s
   • Accelerometer:
     • ±2g
     • ±4g
     • ±8g
     • ±16g
   • The measurement ranges can be adjusted via configuration registers.

3. Output Type:

   • Digital Output: Communicates using the I2C protocol (Inter-Integrated Circuit), making it easy to interface with microcontrollers such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi.

4. Power Supply:

   • Operates on a 3.3V or 5V power supply, depending on the module design and configuration.

5. Integrated Digital Motion Processor (DMP):

   • The MPU6050 includes a DMP that can perform complex motion processing tasks, such as calculating angles, combining sensor data, and filtering. This reduces the workload on the main processor.

6. Temperature Sensor:

   • Includes an internal temperature sensor that provides temperature compensation for the gyroscope and accelerometer measurements.

7. Sensitivity:

   • High sensitivity for both accelerometer and gyroscope, enabling precise motion tracking.

Applications:

• Motion Tracking: Detects and tracks motion, rotation, and acceleration for various applications including robotics, drones, and wearable devices.
• Gesture Recognition: Interprets gestures or movements for user interfaces or interactive systems.
• Orientation Detection: Measures the orientation of objects or devices for stabilization or control.
• Navigation Systems: Provides data for inertial navigation and positioning systems.

Example Connection with Arduino:

To connect and use the MPU6050 with an Arduino, follow these steps:

Wiring Instructions:

1. MPU6050 to Arduino:
   • VCC (MPU6050) to 5V (Arduino) (or 3.3V depending on the module).
   • GND (MPU6050) to GND (Arduino).
   • SDA (MPU6050) to A4 (Arduino Uno) or SDA (Arduino Mega).
   • SCL (MPU6050) to A5 (Arduino Uno) or SCL (Arduino Mega).
   • XDA and XCL pins are used for I2C bypass, but typically not needed for standard configurations.
   • AD0 pin can be connected to GND or VCC to set the I2C address (default is 0x68 when AD0 is LOW).