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Connecting an HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor with an Arduino is a straightforward process. The HC-SR04 sensor uses ultrasonic waves to measure distance, making it useful for applications such as obstacle detection, distance measurement, and robotics. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to connect and use the HC-SR04 sensor with an Arduino:

Components Needed:

1. Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
2. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
3. Breadboard
4. Jumper wires (male-to-male)

HC-SR04 Pinout:

The HC-SR04 sensor typically has four pins:

• VCC: Connects to Arduino 5V (or 3.3V if specified in the sensor's datasheet).
• Trig (Trigger): This pin is used to trigger the sensor to send out an ultrasonic pulse. Connect to a digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 7).
• Echo: This pin receives the ultrasonic pulse reflected back from an object. Connect to a digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 6).
• GND: Connects to Arduino ground (GND).

Wiring Instructions:

1. Power Connections:

   • Connect the VCC pin of the HC-SR04 to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
   • Connect the GND pin of the HC-SR04 to the GND pin on the Arduino.

2. Trigger and Echo Connections:

   • Connect the Trig pin of the HC-SR04 to a digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 7).
   • Connect the Echo pin of the HC-SR04 to a digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 6).

// Define pins
const int trigPin = 7;
const int echoPin = 6;

// Define variables
long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Set trigPin as an OUTPUT
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  // Set echoPin as an INPUT
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Clear the trigPin by setting it LOW for a short duration
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);

  // Send a 10 microsecond pulse to trigger the sensor
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the echo pulse
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  // Print the distance to the Serial Monitor
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  // Delay before next measurement
  delay(1000);  // Adjust delay as needed
}