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Connecting a 5V relay module with an Arduino allows you to control higher voltage and current loads (such as lights, fans, or appliances) using the low-voltage outputs from the Arduino. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to connect and control a 5V relay module (specifically a 1-channel relay) with an Arduino:

Components Needed:

1. Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
2. 5V 1-Channel relay module
3. External power supply (if needed for the relay and the load)
4. Jumper wires

Relay Module Pinout:

A typical 5V 1-Channel relay module has the following pins:

• VCC: Power supply (connect to Arduino +5V or an external +5V supply)
• GND: Ground (connect to Arduino GND)
• IN: Control signal input (connect to a digital output pin on the Arduino)
• NO (Normally Open): Output terminal (connect to the load that you want to control)
• COM (Common): Common terminal (connect to the other side of the load)
• NC (Normally Closed): Normally closed terminal (optional, not always used)

Wiring Instructions:

1. Power Connections:

   • VCC of the relay module to +5V on the Arduino or an external +5V power supply.
   • GND of the relay module to GND on the Arduino.

2. Control Signal Connection:

   • IN pin of the relay module to a digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., digital pin 7).

3. Load Connections:

   • Identify the NO (Normally Open) and COM (Common) terminals on the relay module.
   • Connect one terminal of the load (e.g., a light bulb or a motor) to the NO terminal of the relay module.
   • Connect the other terminal of the load to the COM terminal of the relay module.

4. External Power (if needed):

   • If your load requires more current than the Arduino can supply or operates at a different voltage, use an external power supply.
   • Connect the positive side of the external power supply to the VCC terminal of the relay module (ensure it matches the relay module's voltage requirement).
   • Connect the negative side of the external power supply to both the GND terminal of the relay module and the Arduino GND for common ground.