Ra-02 SX1278 LoRa Transceiver Module 433MHz Wireless Spread Spectrum Long Range Node Board (Ai-Thinker)

Achieve long-range wireless communication with the Ra-02 SX1278 LoRa $433 ext{MHz}$ Transceiver Module by Ai-Thinker. Powered by Semtech’s flagship SX1278 IC, this module uses LoRa (Long Range) Spread Spectrum technology to deliver ultra-long-distance data transmission ( $1 ext{ km}$ to $10 ext{ km}$ line-of-sight) with high interference immunity and minimal power consumption. Operating at the license-free $433 ext{MHz}$ ISM band, it communicates over a standard SPI interface, making it fully compatible with Arduino, ESP32, STM32, and Raspberry Pi platforms. Includes an IPEX (U.FL) connector and spring antenna footprint for flexible antenna setups.

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Tags Ra-02 LoRa Module SX1278 433MHz LoRa Ai-Thinker Ra-02 LoRa Spread Spectrum Transceiver Long Range Wireless Module 433MHz SX1278 SPI LoRa Board Arduino LoRa SX1278

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Product Details :

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Made In :	India

The Ai-Thinker Ra-02 SX1278 LoRa Module is an ultra-long-range RF data communications node operating at the $433 ext{MHz}$ frequency band. Designed around Semtech's high-performance SX1278 RF chip, the module leverages patented LoRa spread spectrum modulation technology, offering high sensitivity ( $up to -148 ext{ dBm}$ ) and strong anti-jamming capabilities while drastically outperforming traditional FSK or GFSK radio modules in range and reliability.

The Ra-02 is engineered for extreme power efficiency, making it suitable for battery-powered IoT nodes, remote environmental sensors, and telemetry systems. Operating across a wide voltage range ( $1.8 ext{V}$ to $3.6 ext{V DC}$ ), the module communicates with host microcontrollers (such as Arduino, ESP32, or STM32) via a standard $4 ext{-wire}$ SPI bus alongside programmable GPIO/DIO interrupt pins.

The board features dual antenna integration options: an onboard IPEX (U.FL) coaxial socket for attaching external high-gain rubber duck antennas, and a dedicated solder pad for attaching a compact $433 ext{MHz}$ helical spring antenna.

Key Features and Benefits

LoRa Spread Spectrum Modulation: Delivers long-range coverage ( $1 ext{ to } 5 ext{ km}$ urban, up to $10 ext{ km}$ open line-of-sight) with high immunity to co-channel interference.
$433 ext{MHz}$ ISM Frequency Band: Operates within the globally recognized license-free $433 ext{MHz}$ radio frequency band.
Ultra-High Receiver Sensitivity (Down to $-148 ext{ dBm}$ ): Capable of picking up weak signals well below the background noise floor.
Low Power Consumption: Deep sleep current down to $< 0.2mu ext{A}$ , extending battery life in field deployments.
Flexible Antenna Options: Equipped with an onboard IPEX (U.FL) antenna connector and a direct helical spring antenna solder pad.
Standard SPI Communications Interface: Easily interfaces with $3.3 ext{V}$ microcontrollers including ESP32, Raspberry Pi, STM32, and Arduino.

Technical Specifications

Feature Component	Specification Details
RF Transceiver IC	Semtech SX1278
Module Manufacturer	Ai-Thinker (Model: Ra-02)
Operating Frequency	$410 ext{ MHz} - 525 ext{ MHz}$ (Calibrated for $433 ext{ MHz}$ )
Modulation Schemes	LoRa, FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, OOK
Operating Voltage ( $V_{CC}$ )	$1.8 ext{V DC to } 3.6 ext{V DC}$ ( $3.3 ext{V}$ typical - NOT 5V tolerant)
Transmit Power Output	Up to $+20 ext{ dBm}$ ( $100 ext{ mW}$ ) constant power output
Receiver Sensitivity	$-148 ext{ dBm}$ (at LoRa Spreading Factor 12)
Current Consumption	• TX Power: $pprox 120 ext{mA}$ (+20dBm) • RX Active: $pprox 10.3 ext{mA}$ • Sleep Mode: $< 0.2mu ext{A}$
Communication Interface	SPI (Mode 0) + DIO0 - DIO5 Programmable Interrupt Pins
Antenna Interface	IPEX (U.FL) Socket / Solder Pad for Helical Antenna

Pinout & Connection Reference

1. Pin Assignment Table:

Pin Label	Type	Primary Function / Connection
GND	Ground	Common Power & Logic Ground
3.3V	Power Input	$1.8 ext{V} - 3.6 ext{V DC}$ Input (Do NOT supply $5 ext{V}$ )
RESET	Input	Active-LOW Reset Pin
DIO0	Digital I/O	Interrupt Output (RX Done / TX Done signal to MCU)
DIO1 - DIO3	Digital I/O	Configurable Software Interrupt Output Pins
MISO	Output	SPI Master Input / Slave Output
MOSI	Input	SPI Master Output / Slave Input
SCK	Input	SPI Serial Clock Input
NSS (CS)	Input	SPI Chip Select (Active LOW)

2. Hardware Connection Schematic (Arduino / ESP32 Interfacing):

   +-----------------------+                    +-----------------------+
   |   Microcontroller     |                    |  Ai-Thinker Ra-02     |
   |   (ESP32 / 3.3V MCU)  |                    |  SX1278 LoRa Module   |
   +-----------------------+                    +-----------------------+
   |  3.3V Power           |------------------->| 3.3V                  |
   |  GND                  |------------------->| GND                   |
   |  GPIO (CS / NSS)      |------------------->| NSS                   |
   |  SPI MOSI             |------------------->| MOSI                  |
   |  SPI MISO             |<-------------------| MISO                  |
   |  SPI SCK              |------------------->| SCK                   |
   |  GPIO (Reset)         |------------------->| RESET                 |
   |  GPIO (Interrupt/DIO0)|<-------------------| DIO0                  |
   +-----------------------+                    +-----------------------+

IMPORTANT VOLTAGE NOTICE: The Ra-02 module runs strictly on $3.3 ext{V}$ logic levels. Connecting the $3.3 ext{V}$ or SPI pins directly to a $5 ext{V}$ microcontroller (such as an Arduino Uno) without bidirectional logic level converters will permanently damage the SX1278 IC. ANTENNA NOTICE: NEVER power or transmit with the Ra-02 module without an antenna connected (IPEX antenna or soldered spring antenna). Transmitting without a load will damage the power amplifier.

Applications

Smart Agriculture & Remote Telemetry: Transmitting soil moisture, weather data, and pump statuses over multiple kilometers.
Long-Range IoT & Smart Metering: Automated utility meter reading (water/gas/electricity) across urban or rural landscapes.
Environmental & Wildlife Monitoring: Battery-powered forest fire detection nodes, river level monitoring, and tracker nodes.
Industrial Wireless Control: Remote equipment switching, alarm signalling, and telemetry across factory floors.